Keyboard shortcuts

Press ← or → to navigate between chapters

Press S or / to search in the book

Press ? to show this help

Press Esc to hide this help

Mobile Robots

Mobile platforms registered in the Space Robotics Bench include wheeled rovers, legged robots, aerial vehicles, landers, spacecraft, and a surface vessel for navigation and locomotion tasks.

Overview

Landers

Apollo Lander (apollo_lander)

apollo_lander

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Mass4280 kg
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust171.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
cam_onboardCamerabase/camera_onboard

Peregrine Lander (peregrine_lander)

peregrine_lander

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Mass825 kg
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust171.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
cam_onboardCamerabase/camera_onboard

Random Lander (random_lander)

random_lander

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust31.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
cam_onboardCamerabase/camera_onboard

Resilience Lander (resilience_lander)

resilience_lander

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Mass340 kg
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust91.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
cam_onboardCamerabase/camera_onboard

Vikram Lander (vikram_lander)

vikram_lander

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Mass626 kg
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust131.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
cam_onboardCamerabase/camera_onboard

Legged Robots

Anymal C (anymal_c)

anymal_c

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: joint_pos
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
joint_pos *Joint Position To Limitsruntime-resolved1.0
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
legs.*HAA, .*HFE, .*KFE80 N·m7.5 rad/s––
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
contacts_feetContact Sensor.*FOOT
cam_frontCamerabase/camera_front
Initial Joint Configuration
JointPosition
.*HAA0.0 rad
.*F_HFE0.4 rad (22.918312 deg)
.*H_HFE-0.4 rad (-22.918312 deg)
.*F_KFE-0.8 rad (-45.836624 deg)
.*H_KFE0.8 rad (45.836624 deg)

Anymal D (anymal_d)

anymal_d

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: joint_pos
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
joint_pos *Joint Position To Limitsruntime-resolved1.0
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
legs.*HAA, .*HFE, .*KFE80 N·m7.5 rad/s––
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
contacts_feetContact Sensor.*FOOT
cam_frontCamerabase/camera_front
Initial Joint Configuration
JointPosition
.*HAA0.0 rad
.*F_HFE0.4 rad (22.918312 deg)
.*H_HFE-0.4 rad (-22.918312 deg)
.*F_KFE-0.8 rad (-45.836624 deg)
.*H_KFE0.8 rad (45.836624 deg)

Cassie (cassie)

cassie

DoF12
End EffectorNone
Base Framepelvis
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: joint_pos
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
joint_pos *Joint Position To Limits121.0
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
legship_.*, thigh_.*, ankle_.*200 N·m10 rad/s100–2003–6
toestoe_.*20 N·m10 rad/s201
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImupelvis
contacts_feetContact Sensor(left|right)_toe
cam_frontCamerapelvis/camera_front
Initial Joint Configuration
JointPosition
hip_abduction_left0.1 rad (5.729578 deg)
hip_rotation_left0.0 rad
hip_flexion_left1 rad (57.29578 deg)
thigh_joint_left-1.8 rad (-103.132403 deg)
ankle_joint_left1.57 rad (89.954374 deg)
toe_joint_left-1.57 rad (-89.954374 deg)
hip_abduction_right-0.1 rad (-5.729578 deg)
hip_rotation_right0.0 rad
hip_flexion_right1 rad (57.29578 deg)
thigh_joint_right-1.8 rad (-103.132403 deg)
ankle_joint_right1.57 rad (89.954374 deg)
toe_joint_right-1.57 rad (-89.954374 deg)

Random Anymal Quadruped (random_anymal_quadruped)

random_anymal_quadruped

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: joint_pos
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
joint_pos *Joint Position To Limitsruntime-resolved1.0
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
legs.*HAA, .*HFE, .*KFE80 N·m7.5 rad/s––
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
contacts_feetContact Sensor.*FOOT
cam_frontCamerabase/camera_front
Initial Joint Configuration
JointPosition
.*HAA0.0 rad
.*F_HFE0.4 rad (22.918312 deg)
.*H_HFE-0.4 rad (-22.918312 deg)
.*F_KFE-0.8 rad (-45.836624 deg)
.*H_KFE0.8 rad (45.836624 deg)

Random Unitree Quadruped (random_unitree_quadruped)

random_unitree_quadruped

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Frametrunk
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: joint_pos
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
joint_pos *Joint Position To Limitsruntime-resolved1.0
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
base_legs.*_hip_joint, .*_thigh_joint, .*_calf_joint33.5 N·m21 rad/s250.5
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImutrunk
contacts_feetContact Sensor.*foot
cam_frontCameratrunk/camera_front
Initial Joint Configuration
JointPosition
.*L_hip_joint0.1 rad (5.729578 deg)
.*R_hip_joint-0.1 rad (-5.729578 deg)
F[L,R]_thigh_joint0.8 rad (45.836624 deg)
R[L,R]_thigh_joint1 rad (57.29578 deg)
.*_calf_joint-1.5 rad (-85.943669 deg)

Spot (spot)

spot

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebody
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: joint_pos
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
joint_pos *Joint Positionruntime-resolved0.2
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
spot_hip.*_h[xy]45 N·m–601.5
spot_knee.*_kn––601.5
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubody
contacts_feetContact Sensor.*foot
cam_frontCamerabody/camera_front
Initial Joint Configuration
JointPosition
[fh]l_hx0.1 rad (5.729578 deg)
[fh]r_hx-0.1 rad (-5.729578 deg)
f[rl]_hy0.9 rad (51.566202 deg)
h[rl]_hy1.1 rad (63.025357 deg)
.*_kn-1.5 rad (-85.943669 deg)

Unitree A1 (unitree_a1)

unitree_a1

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Frametrunk
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: joint_pos
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
joint_pos *Joint Position To Limitsruntime-resolved1.0
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
base_legs.*_hip_joint, .*_thigh_joint, .*_calf_joint33.5 N·m21 rad/s250.5
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImutrunk
contacts_feetContact Sensor.*foot
cam_frontCameratrunk/camera_front
Initial Joint Configuration
JointPosition
.*L_hip_joint0.1 rad (5.729578 deg)
.*R_hip_joint-0.1 rad (-5.729578 deg)
F[L,R]_thigh_joint0.8 rad (45.836624 deg)
R[L,R]_thigh_joint1 rad (57.29578 deg)
.*_calf_joint-1.5 rad (-85.943669 deg)

Unitree Go1 (unitree_go1)

unitree_go1

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Frametrunk
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: joint_pos
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
joint_pos *Joint Position To Limitsruntime-resolved1.0
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
base_legs.*_hip_joint, .*_thigh_joint, .*_calf_joint23.7 N·m30 rad/s––
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImutrunk
contacts_feetContact Sensor.*foot
cam_frontCameratrunk/camera_front
Initial Joint Configuration
JointPosition
.*L_hip_joint0.1 rad (5.729578 deg)
.*R_hip_joint-0.1 rad (-5.729578 deg)
F[L,R]_thigh_joint0.8 rad (45.836624 deg)
R[L,R]_thigh_joint1 rad (57.29578 deg)
.*_calf_joint-1.5 rad (-85.943669 deg)

Unitree Go2 (unitree_go2)

unitree_go2

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: joint_pos
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
joint_pos *Joint Position To Limitsruntime-resolved1.0
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
base_legs.*_hip_joint, .*_thigh_joint, .*_calf_joint33.5 N·m21 rad/s250.5
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
contacts_feetContact Sensor.*foot
cam_frontCamerabase/camera_front
Initial Joint Configuration
JointPosition
.*L_hip_joint0.1 rad (5.729578 deg)
.*R_hip_joint-0.1 rad (-5.729578 deg)
F[L,R]_thigh_joint0.8 rad (45.836624 deg)
R[L,R]_thigh_joint1 rad (57.29578 deg)
.*_calf_joint-1.5 rad (-85.943669 deg)

Multicopters

Crazyflie (crazyflie)

crazyflie

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebody
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: body_acc
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
body_acc *Multicopter Body Acceleration40.5
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
dummy.*––00
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubody
cam_onboardCamerabody/camera_onboard

Ingenuity (ingenuity)

ingenuity

DoF2
End EffectorNone
Base Framebody
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: body_acc
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
body_acc *Multicopter Body Acceleration40.5
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
rotorsrotor_joint_[1-2]7.5 N·m261.799388 rad/s01000
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubody
cam_onboardCamerabody/camera_onboard
altimeterHeightmap Sensorbody

Orbital Robots

Cubesat (cubesat)

cubesat

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framecubesat
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust121.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImucubesat
cam_onboardCameracubesat/camera_onboard

Floating Platform (floating_platform)

floating_platform

DoF1
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase_link
Sensors2
Action Modes2 (default: thrust_only)
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust_only *Thrust81.0
thrust_and_reactionThrust9thrust=1.0; reaction_wheel_torque=0.05
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
reaction_wheelrw_revolute_joint1 N·m100 rad/s00
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase_link
cam_onboardCamerabase_link/camera_onboard

Gateway (gateway)

gateway

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framegateway
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: body_acc
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
body_acc *Body Acceleration62.5
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImugateway
cam_onboardCameragateway/camera_onboard

Int Ball1 (int_ball1)

int_ball1

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase_link
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Mass1 kg
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust61.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase_link
cam_onboardCamerabase_link/camera_onboard

Int Ball2 (int_ball2)

int_ball2

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase_link
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Mass1.5 kg
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust61.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase_link
cam_onboardCamerabase_link/camera_onboard

Iss (iss)

iss

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: body_acc
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
body_acc *Body Acceleration62.5
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
cam_onboardCamerabase/camera_onboard

Satellite Mockup (satellite_mockup)

satellite_mockup

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framesatellite_mockup
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust121.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImusatellite_mockup
cam_onboardCamerasatellite_mockup/camera_onboard

Starship (starship)

starship

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Mass100000 kg
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust181.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
cam_onboardCamerabase/camera_onboard

Super Heavy (super_heavy)

super_heavy

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Mass200000 kg
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust591.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
cam_onboardCamerabase/camera_onboard

Venus Express (venus_express)

venus_express

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust191.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase
cam_onboardCamerabase/camera_onboard

Surface Vehicles

Heron (heron)

heron

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebase_link
Sensors2
Action Modesdefault: thrust
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
thrust *Thrust21.0
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubase_link
cam_onboardCamerabase_link/camera_onboard

Wheeled Robots

Cadre (cadre)

cadre

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framechassis
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: drive
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
drive *Wheeled Drive2lin=0.4, ang=0.7853981633974483
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
wheel_jointswheel_joint_.*250 N·m6.28 rad/s02000
suspension_jointssuspension_joint.*500 N·m0.25 rad/s4005
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImuchassis
contacts_wheelsContact Sensor.*wheel.*
cam_frontCamerachassis/camera_front

Husky (husky)

husky

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framechassis
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: drive
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
drive *Wheeled Drive2lin=0.1, ang=0.7853981633974483
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
wheel_jointswheel_joint_.*250 N·m6.28 rad/s02000
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImuchassis
contacts_wheelsContact Sensor.*wheel.*
cam_frontCamerachassis/camera_front

Leo Rover (leo_rover)

leo_rover

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framechassis
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: drive
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
drive *Wheeled Drive2lin=0.4, ang=1.0471975511965976
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
drivewheel_joint_.*80 N·m30 rad/s05000
rockerrocker_joint_.*500 N·m2 rad/s20.5
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImuchassis
contacts_wheelsContact Sensor.*wheel.*
cam_frontCamerachassis/camera_front

Mars Rover (mars_rover)

mars_rover

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base FrameBody
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: drive
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
drive *Wheeled Drive2lin=0.5, ang=0.7853981633974483
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
base_steering.*Steer.*12 N·m6 rad/s80001000
base_drive.*Drive.*12 N·m6 rad/s1004000
passive_joints_boogie.*RevoluteJoint0 N·m15 rad/s00
passive_joints_rocker.*Rocker.*0 N·m15 rad/s00
passive_joints_differential.*Differential.*0 N·m15 rad/s00
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImuBody
contacts_wheelsContact Sensor.*[Dd]rive.*
cam_frontCameraBody/camera_front

Nifty (nifty)

nifty

DoF12
End EffectorNone
Base Framechassis
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: nifty
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
nifty *Joint Velocity12joint_vel_wheel_drive=1.5707963267948966; joint_pos_steer=0.7853981633974483; joint_pos_suspension_yaw=0.5235987755982988; joint_pos_suspension_roll=0.2617993877991494
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
wheel_jointswheel_joint_fl, wheel_joint_fr, wheel_joint_rl, wheel_joint_rr80 N·m1.570796 rad/s080
steer_jointssteer_joint_fl, steer_joint_fr, steer_joint_rl, steer_joint_rr200 N·m0.523599 rad/s10050
suspension_joint_yawsuspension_joint_yaw_f, suspension_joint_yaw_r200 N·m0.261799 rad/s1250750
suspension_joint_rollsuspension_joint_roll_f, suspension_joint_roll_r200 N·m0.261799 rad/s150005000
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImuchassis
contacts_wheelsContact Sensor.*wheel.*
cam_frontCamerachassis

Open Source Rover (open_source_rover)

open_source_rover

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framechassis
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: drive
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
drive *Wheeled Drive2lin=0.2, ang=0.3490658503988659
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
joint_wheeljoint_wheel_.*50 N·m40 rad/s02000
joints_steerjoint_steer_.*500 N·m0.5 rad/s10080
joints_rockerjoint_rocker_.*1500 N·m0.3 rad/s252
joints_bogiejoint_bogie_.*750 N·m0.6 rad/s14
joint_linkagejoint_linkage25 N·m0.2 rad/s0.050.1
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImuchassis
contacts_wheelsContact Sensor.*wheel.*
cam_frontCamerachassis/camera_front

Perseverance (perseverance)

perseverance

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebody
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: drive
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
drive *Wheeled Drive2lin=0.7, ang=1.3089969389957472
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
drive_jointsdrive_joint.*150 N·m40 rad/s025000
steer_jointssteer_joint.*400 N·m2 rad/s500200
rocker_jointssuspension_joint_rocker.*2500 N·m5 rad/s4000400
bogie_jointssuspension_joint_bogie.*500 N·m4 rad/s20025
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubody
contacts_wheelsContact Sensor.*wheel.*
cam_frontCamerabody/camera_front

Pragyan (pragyan)

pragyan

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framebody
Sensors3
Action Modesdefault: drive
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
drive *Wheeled Drive2lin=0.35, ang=1.3962634015954636
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
drive_jointswheel_drive_joint_.*150 N·m40 rad/s05000
rocker_jointsrocker_joint_.*2500 N·m5 rad/s1000400
bogie_jointsboogie_joint_.*500 N·m4 rad/s250200
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImubody
contacts_wheelsContact Sensor.*wheel.*
cam_frontCamerabody/camera_front

Raph Rover (raph_rover)

raph_rover

DoFruntime-resolved
End EffectorNone
Base Framechassis
Sensors3
Action Modes2 (default: drive)
Action Modes
ModeControllerDimsScale
drive *Wheeled Drive2lin=0.4, ang=1.0471975511965976
drive_filteredFiltered Wheeled Drive2lin=0.4, ang=1.0
Actuators
GroupJointsEffortVelocityStiffnessDamping
drivedrive_joint_.*80 N·m30 rad/s0500
steersteer_joint_.*500 N·m2 rad/s40050
Sensors
NameTypeLocation
imu_robotImuchassis
contacts_wheelsContact Sensorwheel.*
cam_frontCamerachassis/camera_front